Occupational Health Obstacles: : Health and Environment part 3

 11.7 Occupational Health Obstacles:

Most people spend most of their day at their work place. Many people run agricultural or cottage industry processes from their fields and home. Working under favorable conditions provides good health and economic achievement. But for some, the workplace becomes a health barrier. Work causes injury, respiratory diseases, cancer, musculoskelatal disorders, reproductive disorders, cardiovascular diseases, mental and neurological diseases, hearing disorders, etc. Such health barriers are called occupational health barriers because these barriers are associated with business.

Occupational Health Obstacles:  : Health and Environment part 3

11.7.1 Heavy Body Work Load:

Those who do heavy physical work include miners, woodcutters, construction workers, farmers, fishermen, storage workers and workers of hospitals. Repeated injuries and muscle disorders occur due to repeated tasks and constant load on the muscles. Due to this, the inability to work for short term or long term comes. This inefficiency can also happen forever. Unstructured and unsafe machines, unsafe structures and dangerous tools are the main and common barriers to work.

Occupational Health Obstacles:  : Health and Environment part 3

Black lung disease:

Occupational Health Obstacles:  : Health and Environment part 3

In coal mines, coal dust is the main air pollutant that keeps the miners in contact with it daily. Due to this accumulation of coal dust, the lungs of the miners appear black. Their healthy pink color is covered with the dust of coal dust, hence it is named 'Krishna Pleural Disease'. Krishna is the common name for pleural pneumoconiosis (Pneumoconiosis CWP). It is also called Anthracosis. This lung disease occurs to old laborers working in the mines who have been breathing in the air polluted by coal dust for years. Blackness accumulates in the lungs of the people living in that city due to polluted air, but it accumulates in the lungs of coal miners in very large quantities.

Fine particles of coal accumulate in the lungs because they cannot be destroyed or removed in the lungs. At the same time, the ability of the lungs to flow oxygen into the blood decreases due to the formation of this Kalima and injury to the lungs.

The initial symptom of this decreases the ability of the breath, which increases as the disease progresses. Sometimes it also causes heart failure. In some disease events, a lump (fibrosis) of continuously growing fibers develops, causing damage to the upper part.

Some patients develop emphysema (exudation), which is a distorted form of Krishna pleural disease. The disease can be detected before the symptoms are detected by X-ray. Patients who succumb to this disease at an early age or develop lumps in which there is an increased risk of untimely death.

Prevention: The only way to prevent Krishna's pulmonary disease is to avoid being in prolonged contact with coal dust. Keeping the level of coal dust low in coal mines and giving protective clothing to the miners' laborers can prevent this to some extent.

Occupational Health Obstacles:  : Health and Environment part 3

 

 

11.7.2 Noise (Sound):

In mines, laborers working on construction sites withstand very high levels of noise. This noise is an important fact to increase stress. If working for more than eight hours at a high level of noise from 80 to 90 db (db - decibel-sound measurement), it is very harmful for the ears. Some of the adverse effects of voice thus harm.

Occupational Health Obstacles:  : Health and Environment part 3

(A) Psychological:

Noise causes emotional problems such as irritability, insomnia, lack of concentration and loss of ability, etc.

(B) Hearing Impact:

(i) Hearing Fatigue: When the noise exceeds the 85 to 90 dB level. Audible fatigue such as noise of food blender

(ii) Deafness or impaired hearing: It can be temporary and permanent. Temporary deafness is caused by constant noise such as the deafness of telephone operators is temporary, which is cured within 24 hours after some rest. A high level of noise above 90 dB, if repeated and prolonged, can result in permanent deafness. For people who have an ear problem, this situation becomes even more serious. It is good to keep them away from the noisy environment and the workplace.

Occupational Health Obstacles:  : Health and Environment part 3

 C) non-audio effects:

(i) Interruption of speaking and conversation (communication): 

In order to make your voice heard in a high level of noise, the voice has to be elevated. For example in boiler cabins etc. in foundries. Shopkeepers of small shops and shopkeepers of small shops in the streets constantly shout their loud voice so that their voice can be heard. Due to this they suffer from voice disorder which can also turn into voice box cancer later in life.

(ii) Irritability: Many people get irritated with loud voice, get irritated, some also become psychopathic. Psychiatrists soon become angry and get irritated very quickly.

(iii) Efficiency (Efficiency): High level of noise at the work site reduces the efficiency. A peaceful environment helps in increasing efficiency.

(iv) Other physical changes: 

Excessive exposure to noise increases blood pressure. The pulse speed, breathing speed and sweating are also high. Headache, vertigo, nausea, fatigue, insomnia, interruption of color perception, and poor night vision are often symptoms of noisy patients. People who work during night shift or who are suffering from high blood pressure have the effect of noise pollution more than others.

Occupational Health Obstacles:  : Health and Environment part 3

11.7.3 Chemical and Biological Factors (Agents):

In many industries, workers come in contact with many chemicals which are very dangerous, obstructive sometimes it also increases the chances of cancer. Textile mills, cement and construction industries are similar industries. Benzene, chromium, nitrosamines and asbestos are the elements that can cause lung, bladder, skin, mesothelium and liver cancer. Prevention and prevention are essential for their prevention. In this, workers should be completely protected from chemicals that cause cancer. Occupational asthma is caused by exposure to organic dust, microorganisms, bacteria, mildew, building materials and certain chemicals. The first cases of silicosis were reported from the Kolar gold mines in 1947. Silicosis is very prevalent among the workers of mines, pottery and ceramic industry. Pneumoconiosis and Byssinosis are common in mica and textile mills.

Reading question

1. What are some problems related to sanitation in villages?
2. Describe the spread of the given diseases - typhoid, filariasis (elephant foot disease), and amoebic dysentery. What are the organisms that spread each disease?
3. Mention the specific disease caused to the workers of coal mines. Explain its prevention measures.
4. What are the main pollutants released from thermal power plants? What can be done to reduce them?
5. State the symptoms of arsenic toxin effect caused by drinking polluted ground water. In which part of the body can arsenic collected be known?
6. What problem can babies have due to high levels of nitrate in drinking water?
7. Explain audio and inaudible problems caused by too much noise.
8. What is the importance of adding tetanethyl lead in petrol? Why was the use of leaded petrol stopped?
9. How is a cancerous tumor different from a tumor without cancer?
10. What are the main side effects on drinking and chewing tobacco?

Answers to textual questions

11.1
1. The health of a person results from the interaction of many effects on the person.
2. To prevent the spread of water-borne diseases.
3. Unplanned flocks of huts are slums where huts are very close and there is no place for roads, parks and drains.
4. Lack of clean drinking water, improper excretion of feces, high infant mortality (any other)

11.2
1. Malaria, yellow fever, encephalitis (either)
2. Bacterial dysentery
3. Leptospira

11.3
1. Sugar Mill (Sugar Mill), Tannery Industry (Leather Industry)
2. suspended particulate matter in the air
3. Oxides of sulfur, oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.
4. Ammonia, pesticide smoke and water vapor.

11.4
1. Toxaphene / Hexachlor Cyclo Hexane- Daldrin DDT (any three)
2. Clothes the hands and feet, the use of wide and brimmed sunglasses.
3. Organic farming and integrated pest management
4. High levels of nitrate in ground water
5. Breathing, wheezing, chest tightness and pain around the chest, persistent cough that can last for several weeks. (any two)

11.5
1. Industrial emissions spread toxic metals to the atmosphere that come from burning organic waste, traffic and energy production. After joining the food chain, there is a danger to public health.
2. Loss of appetite, weight loss, diarrhea (diarrhea), gastrointestinal inflammation, skin cancer (any two)
3. Methyl Mercury (mercury)
4. Lead (tetraethyl lead TEL)

11.6
1. Miners, woodcutters, construction workers, farmers, fishermen, store workers and medical workers.
2. Irritability, temporary deafness, insomnia.
3. Audible fatigue, impaired hearing power, blood pressure, breathlessness and sweating, dizziness (any two).